Summary
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by
noncaseous epithelioid cell granulomas. Sarcoidosis can involve any organ but, bilateral well?defined,
the most common findings are the enlargement of the symmetric hilar and right paratracheal lymph
nodes. The relationship between sarcoidosis and malignancy is poorly defined and the simultaneous
coexistence of sarcoidosis and cervix carcinoma has been rarely reported, an unfortunate consequence
of the presence of both entities in the same patient is the harmful probability of misdiagnosis. The case
studied illustrates an unusual presentation of sarcoidosis that mimicked mediastinal and hilar lymphatic
metastases of cervix carcinoma on [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography
(PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) realized for staging of the cancer. Through the
present case, sarcoidosis should be considered when FDG-PET/CT shows intense FDG uptake in nonregional
swollen lymph nodes; whenever it is possible a biopsy of the suspected metastatic site should
always be performed, in order to avoid excessive or inappropriate treatment.
