Turkish Abstract Full Text PDF Similar Articles Mail to Author

¹Division of Cancer Genetics, Department of Basic Oncology, İstanbul University, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul-Türkiye
²TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Climate Change and Life Sciences, Biotechnology Research Group, Kocaeli-Türkiye
³Department of Emergency Service, Dr. Vefa Tanır Ilgın City Hospital, Konya-Türkiye
⁴Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos-Switzerland
⁵Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul-Türkiye DOI : 10.5505/tjo.2024.4477 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease arising from the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Despite its widespread incidence globally, CRC demonstrates favorable prognostic outcomes when detected at an early stage. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a common molecular abnormality associated with colorectal tumorigenesis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, therapeutic approaches, and immune system interactions in MSI-associated CRC (MSI-CRC). Molecular changes include DNA slippage, dysfunction in the DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system, and genetic/epigenetic factors that contribute to MSI. Clinically, MSI-CRC is characterized by distinct phenotypic features, including associations with Lynch syndrome, specific diagnostic methodologies, and prognostic relevance. The therapeutic landscape highlights the promising efficacy of immunotherapies and targeted treatments, particularly in dMMR?MSI-H-CRC. Immune dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) reveal patterns of immune infiltration, immune evasion strategies, and opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Understanding these interrelated aspects is critical for developing tailored therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes in MSI-CRC. Keywords : Biomarkers; colon carcinoma; instability; microsatellite; stability