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Sivas Numune Hastanesi, Radyasyon Onkolojisi Kliniği, Sivas Ionizing radiation can directly affect fetal development in several ways. Radiation dose and the time of exposure are critically important in the development of these effects. The most sensitive cells to ionizing radiation are those that are rapidly dividing or in the mitotic phase. Radiation can cause fetal death or congenital anomalies, growth deficiencies or several structural and/or functional development abnormalities. In this review, the relationship between radiation and pregnancy is evaluated in view of the recent literature. Keywords : Fetus; pregnancy; ionizing radiation; radiotherapy