Summary
Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) commonly experience radiation-
induced trismus (RIT), a significant complication that profoundly impacts their quality of life
and functional outcomes. Hence, a comprehensive understanding and management of this condition
are imperative for radiation oncologists. RIT, characterized by a limited ability to open the mouth, can
severely impact essential functions such as speaking, eating, and maintaining oral hygiene. These malfunctions
can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, and an increased risk of oral infections. The
pathophysiology involves radiation-induced fibrosis and damage to the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular
joint, often exacerbated by concurrent chemotherapy. Identifying at-risk patients and
implementing preventive measures against RIT is crucial. These measures may include using advanced
radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated RT or proton therapy and early physical therapy. Additionally,
personalized treatment planning and multidisciplinary care involving radiation and medical
oncologists, dental specialists, and physical therapists can help reduce the onset and severity of RIT.
Given the significant impact of RIT on the functionality and quality of life of patients with HNC and the
relatively low level of interest in oncological communities, the purpose of this review is to provide an
evidence-based summary of effective preventive and management strategies for RIT in HNC patients,
which hopefully will serve as a valuable guide for physicians in related disciplines.
